Understanding N-Grade Neodymium Magnets
N-grades indicate the magnetic strength of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets. The number represents the approximate maximum energy product (BH)max in million gauss-oersteds (MGOe). Higher grades deliver stronger magnetic fields, with N52 representing the highest standard performance grade available.
Each grade within the N-series maintains consistent magnetic properties—residual flux density (Br), coercivity (HcJ and HcB), and thermal characteristics—allowing engineers to select the optimal balance of strength, temperature stability, and cost.
What these specifications mean: Lower N-grades (N35–N42) offer excellent magnetic strength with superior temperature stability and lower cost. Higher N-grades (N48–N52) maximize performance in space-constrained applications where the strongest possible field is required.
N35 to N52 Neodymium Magnet Specifications
| Grade | Br (Residual Flux Density) | HcJ (Intrinsic Coercivity) | HcB (Magnetic Coercivity) | (BH)max (Energy Product) | Curie Temp | Max Op. Temp | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | kGs | kA/m | kOe | kA/m | kOe | kJ/m³ | MGOe | °C | °C | |
| N35 | 1.17–1.22 | 11.7–12.2 | 955 | 12 | 868 | 10.9 | 263–287 | 33–36 | 320 | 80 |
| N38 | 1.22–1.26 | 12.2–12.6 | 955 | 12 | 899 | 11.3 | 287–310 | 36–39 | 320 | 80 |
| N40 | 1.25–1.29 | 12.5–12.9 | 955 | 12 | 923 | 11.6 | 302–326 | 38–41 | 320 | 80 |
| N42 | 1.28–1.32 | 12.8–13.2 | 955 | 12 | 923 | 11.6 | 318–342 | 40–43 | 320 | 80 |
| N45 | 1.32–1.37 | 13.2–13.7 | 955 | 12 | 876 | 11 | 342–366 | 43–46 | 320 | 80 |
| N48 | 1.37–1.42 | 13.7–14.2 | 955 | 12 | 892 | 11.2 | 366–390 | 46–49 | 320 | 80 |
| N50 | 1.39–1.44 | 13.9–14.4 | 955 | 12 | 836 | 10.5 | 374–406 | 47–51 | 320 | 80 |
| N52MAXIMUM | 1.42–1.47 | 14.2–14.7 | 876 | 11 | 836 | 10.5 | 390–422 | 49–53 | 320 | 80 |
Specification Parameters
Measured in Tesla (T) or kiloGauss (kGs). The magnetic flux density remaining after removing external field.
Measured in kA/m or kOe. Resistance to demagnetization in the absence of saturation.
Measured in kA/m or kOe. Applied field required to reduce flux density to zero.
Measured in kJ/m³ or MGOe. Maximum magnetic energy density; primary indicator of magnet strength.
Measured in °C. Absolute temperature above which ferromagnetism is lost.
Maximum recommended continuous use temperature for practical applications.
Temperature Considerations
Standard N-grades (N35–N52) are rated for 320°C Curie temperature with a maximum recommended operating temperature of 80°C. Performance begins to degrade above this temperature due to reduced coercivity (HcJ decreases). For applications requiring higher temperature stability, upgrade to temperature-rated grades (M, H, SH, UH, EH, AH) with improved coercivity characteristics.
Grade Selection by Temperature Range:
- Room to 80°C: N35–N52 (standard grades) — optimal cost/performance
- 80–100°C: M-grades (e.g., N35M, N40M, N52M) — recommended for elevated environments
- 100–120°C: H-grades (e.g., N35H, N40H, N50H) — industrial/automotive applications
- 120–150°C: SH-grades — high-temperature systems
- 150–200°C: UH or EH grades — demanding thermal environments
- 200°C+: AH-grades — extreme temperature applications
Important note: While Curie temperature is absolute, practical max operating temperature depends on magnet geometry, circuit design, and acceptable performance degradation. Consult with an engineer for critical applications.
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