Exciting new discoveries just keep on coming! This latest one, while a bit confusing, is ultimately in keeping with that tradition. Like many magnetic discoveries in recent years, it points to the possibility of better, faster technology. Let’s break it down: Researchers have discovered something referred to as a 3D magnetic nanonetwork or a “3D artificial spin ice lattice.” In it, magnetic monopoles that are stable at room temperature emerge due to rising magnetic frustration (atomic phenomenon) among the nanoelements. These emergent monopoles can actually be steered by external magnetic fields and utilized as mobile, binary information carriers.  This discovery promises a new era in modern solid-state physics with numerous possible applications in photonics, bio-medicine, and spintronics. Researchers also say that it could lead to the creation of faster, lower-energy data storage devices. 

Breaking Down the Discovery & Design

Pre-discovery, researchers could observe emergent magnetic monopoles in a class of magnetic materials called spin ices. However, they required low temperatures to operate as well as atomic scales making them difficult to control. This led to the development of what is called 2D artificial spin ice. This is where magnetic nano-islands on different lattices replace the single atomic moment, allowing researchers to study the emergent magnetic monopoles on different platforms.  Reversing the magnetic orientation of certain nano-islands “propagates the monopoles one vertex further, leaving a trace behind,” says researcher Sabri Koraltan. That trace, called a Dirac string, stores energy, binds the monopoles, and limits their mobility.  Now, post-discovery, researchers have the first 3D artificial spin ice lattice, essentially combining the best parts of both atomic and 2D artificial spin ices. Using micromagnetic simulations, researchers can study the benefits of the new lattice. During the observational process, 2D nano-islands are replaced by magnetic rotational ellipsoids and a 3D lattice. In another simulation, taking things further, researchers had one magnetic monopole that was propagated through the lattice with the help of external magnetic fields. This showed how it could be used as an information carrier in a 3D nano-network.

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As we said, this discovery is a bit confusing, especially if you’re a new fan of magnets and magnetism, but don’t be daunted. There’s so much to know, and as they say, every journey begins with a single step. Check out our FAQ to start with some basic magnet questions. As always, we’re here to help answer any questions you may have about magnets. Just give us a call or email us!